In health, the debate is shifting to population health and factors affecting health globally, looking at behaviours and incentives; cross-agency working; and use of built and natural environments to improve health for all. Health often needs levelling up, too.

Environmental policies emphasise less impactful ways of improving well-being, whereby humans live within objective ‘ecological limits’; avoid a ‘climate or biodiversity crisis’ and take the best mitigating actions, possible.

Well-being improvement is moving away from defining ‘welfare’ principally in terms of GDP growth towards a ‘capability’- approach based on democratic, social, cultural, educational ‘freedoms’. Focussing on the use of natural and geographical resources locally whenever possible and supporting local and indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and well-being.